NAD+
Analytical Standards & Laboratory Handling
Verified laboratory protocols, reconstitution parameters, and handling guidelines.
Pharmacological Profile & Mechanism of Action
What it is: NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is a critical coenzyme found in every single living cell, essential for cellular respiration, ATP energy generation, and DNA repair.
How it works: NAD+ serves two major roles: it acts as an electron carrier in the Krebs cycle to generate ATP energy, and it serves as the essential substrate consumed by SIRT1-7 longevity enzymes and PARP-1 DNA repair enzymes. Because NAD+ levels drop by over 50% between youth and middle age, replenishing cellular NAD+ reactivates youthful cellular cleanup and genomic repair.
Why researchers study it: Studied for anti-aging, mental clarity and focus, cellular energy restoration, reversing chronic fatigue, DNA repair, addiction recovery, and mitochondrial rejuvenation.
Compound & Molecular Specifications
Certificate of Analysis StandardsFrequently Stacked with NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)
Clinically verified combinations activating complementary physiological pathways without receptor competition.
Glutathione (Reduced GSH)
NAD+ replenishes the mitochondrial electron transport chain, generating minor reactive oxygen species (ROS) during oxidative phosphorylation. Glutathione acts as the master intracellular ROS scavenger, converting hydrogen peroxide to water and preserving mitochondrial membrane potential.
Epithalon (Epitalon)
Epithalon stimulates telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) to preserve chromosomal telomere length and circadian rhythm, while NAD+ directly fuels mitochondrial ATP synthesis and activates Sirtuin enzymes (SIRT1/SIRT3) for cellular DNA repair.
